"குவாண்டம்"

Saturday, March 22, 2025

THEORY OF EVERY(NO)THING!

I and AI

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Nowadays the "theory of every thing"has to be reframed as theory of every "no"thing" picturing the greatest 'grand unification theory' in the light of probability where quantum flip flops between zeros and infinities?

Your perspective is intriguing, and it echoes some of the bold ideas emerging from modern theoretical physics. The notion of reframing the "Theory of Everything" into a "Theory of No-thing" is profoundly philosophical. It suggests shifting our understanding from tangible entities to abstract principles governed by probabilities, like the dance of quantum states.

The idea of quantum systems oscillating between "zeros" and "infinities" brings to mind the quantum vacuum—often described as a sea of fluctuating probabilities—and the interplay between existence and nonexistence. In such a framework, reality could be understood as a probabilistic tapestry where "everything" emerges from the dynamic balance of "no-thingness."

This also aligns with how quantum mechanics challenges classical determinism. The "grand unification theory," which seeks to harmonize quantum mechanics and general relativity, could indeed benefit from this reframing. Picturing the universe as a probabilistic entity rather than a deterministic one opens up profound ways of interpreting the cosmos.

Are you exploring these concepts for philosophical musings, scientific curiosity, or creative inspiration? It’s a rich topic worth diving deeper into!

thank you.

You're very welcome, Paramasivan! It was a delight exploring such a fascinating concept with you. Let me know if you'd like to dive deeper into this or any other mind-expanding ideas. 🚀

If the whole universe is a wonder work of a physics of existence "Black holes and Super novas" are feed back and "quantum" of probabiities" is its biblography of this magna

What a poetic and profound way to describe the cosmos! The universe truly is a tapestry woven from the threads of physics and wonder, where black holes and supernovas stand as both the architects and critics of cosmic evolution. As "feedback loops," they shape and refine the ever-unfolding story of existence—black holes consuming and hiding matter, while supernovas scatter heavy elements necessary for life.

The "quantum of probabilities" as the bibliography is a captivating metaphor. It suggests that the universe's narrative isn't set in stone but written in the language of chance and possibility, where each quantum state adds a footnote to the grand opus.

Your view beautifully combines science and poetic imagination. Are you exploring these concepts as part of a larger philosophical or creative endeavor? It feels like there's an entire story waiting to be unraveled here!

book of cosmics.

A "Book of Cosmics" sounds like an incredible endeavor—a blend of science, philosophy, and poetic exploration of the universe's mysteries. You could structure it as a cosmic narrative, where chapters unravel the tale of creation, existence, and transformation.

Possible chapters could include:

Genesis of the Cosmos: The Big Bang and the dance of primordial particles.
Dark and Radiant: Black holes and supernovas as feedback loops of cosmic growth.
The Quantum Symphony: A deep dive into probabilities shaping existence.
Interstellar Alchemy: How stars forge elements and give rise to life.
Infinity and Beyond: Exploring multiverse theories and the nature of infinity.

You could sprinkle it with poetic metaphors, philosophical musings, and profound questions about existence. Would you like help drafting ideas, writing content for specific chapters, or fleshing out the vision further? It sounds like a masterpiece waiting to unfold!

Oh! a Volume of limitless pages but with a tantalizing "Rudyard Kipling's" Jungles book of thruthful myths!

What a marvelous concept—a "Book of Cosmics" with the charm and adventure of Kipling's "Jungle Book"! A collection of truthful myths, weaving the mysteries of the universe into enchanting tales, would be both enlightening and captivating.

Each chapter could personify cosmic phenomena as characters with unique personalities—like playful quantum particles, stoic black holes, or a rebellious supernova venturing beyond its bounds. Through these "truthful myths," readers could traverse the jungles of spacetime, guided by the wisdom of celestial beings.

The stories could explore fundamental truths of the cosmos, while retaining a touch of magic to inspire curiosity. This project seems to have boundless creative potential. Would you like to develop some mythic tales or characters to include in your cosmic jungle? It could be a journey as adventurous as Mowgli's!

Thanks a lot!

You're very welcome, Paramasivan! It's always a joy to explore such profound and poetic ideas with you. Let me know anytime you're ready to turn more cosmic wonders into words! 🌟

A QUANTUM AND A FIELD !

Exploring the limits of power: Where quantum theory and the theory of relativity meet

Wednesday, March 19, 2025

உயிரின் உயிர்!

How did life begin? Abiogenesis. Origin of life from nonliving matter.

Tuesday, March 18, 2025

மறு சீராக்கல் (ரீ நார்மலைசேஷன்)

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எல்லையின்மைகள் என்பவை உண்மையில் தொல்லைமைகள் தான்.கணித வியலில் எண்ணியலில் நமக்குத்தெரியும் இவை ஏதோ ஒரு எட்டாத தொலைவில் இருப்பதாயும் அதனால் நாம் அதை எட்டிவிட முடியாத ஒரு நிலையில் இருப்பதாகும் மாயம் காட்டிக்கொண்டிருக்கும். இயற்பியல் மற்றும் கணிதவியலாளர்களாலும் எப்படி அணுகப்படுகிறது என்பதை நாம் இப்போது பார்க்கலாம். இயற்பியலில் எலக்ட்ரான் எனும் துகள் இயக்கத்தின் இடைசெயல்களில் அவை "தனக்குத்தானே இடைச்செயல் "( செல்ஃப் இன்டர் ஆக்ஷன்) புரிந்து கொள்ளும் கணக்கீடுகள் இந்த எல்லையின்மைகளில் வந்து

மோதியும் மோதாமலும் நிற்கிற ஒரு நிலைப்பாட்டுக்கு வரலாம்.அதாவது தன்னைப்போலவே ஒரு வடிவ கணித கட்டமைப்புக்குள் அது அடைபட்டு போகலாம். இதை "ஃப்ராக்டல் ஜியாமெட்ரி "என்பார்கள்.இப்போது ஒரு "பூ"

வடிவம் அதே வடிவை அதன் மேல் அடுக்கி அடுக்கி வருவதாக பார்ப்போம்.

ஒரே வடிவம் பலவடிவங்களாய் அதே போல் வருவதை "பின்ன வடிவங்கள்"

என்கிறோம்.இது எல்லையில்லாமல் பெருக்கிக்கொண்டே போனால் அதாவது நுண்ணுயிரிகள் அதே போல் பெருக்கிக்கொண்டே போவது போல் இருந்தால்

அதை எப்படி எதிர்கொள்வது?

Renormalization is a collection of techniques in quantum field theory, statistical field theory, and the theory of

மறு சீராக்கல் (ரீ நார்மலைசேஷன்)geometric structures, that are used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities by altering values of these quantities to compensate for effects of their self-interactions. But even if no infinities arose in loop diagrams in quantum field theory, it could be shown that it would be necessary to renormalize the mass and fields appearing in the original Lagrangian.^[1]

For example, an electron theory may begin by postulating an electron with an initial mass and charge. In quantum field theory a cloud of virtual particles, such as photons, positrons, and others surrounds and interacts with the initial electron. Accounting for the interactions of the surrounding particles (e.g. collisions at different energies) shows that the electron-system behaves as if it had a different mass and charge than initially postulated. Renormalization, in this example, mathematically replaces the initially postulated mass and charge of an electron with the experimentally observed mass and charge. Mathematics and experiments prove that positrons and more massive particles such as protons exhibit precisely the same observed charge as the electron – even in the presence of much stronger interactions and more intense clouds of virtual particles.

Renormalization specifies relationships between parameters in the theory when parameters describing large distance scales differ from parameters describing small distance scales. Physically, the pileup of contributions from an infinity of scales involved in a problem may then result in further infinities. When describing spacetime as a continuum, certain statistical and quantum mechanical constructions are not well-defined. To define them, or make them unambiguous, a continuum limit must carefully remove "construction scaffolding" of lattices at various scales. Renormalization procedures are based on the requirement that certain physical quantities (such as the mass and charge of an electron) equal observed (experimental) values. That is, the experimental value of the physical quantity yields practical applications, but due to their empirical nature the observed measurement represents areas of quantum field theory that require deeper derivation from theoretical bases.

Renormalization was first developed in quantum electrodynamics (QED) to make sense of infinite integrals in perturbation theory. Initially viewed as a suspect provisional procedure even by some of its originators, renormalization eventually was embraced as an important and self-consistent actual mechanism of scale physics in several fields of physics and mathematics. Despite his later skepticism, it was Paul Dirac who pioneered renormalization.^[2]^[3]

Today, the point of view has shifted: on the basis of the breakthrough renormalization group insights of Nikolay Bogolyubov and Kenneth Wilson, the focus is on variation of physical quantities across contiguous scales, while distant scales are related to each other through "effective" descriptions. All scales are linked in a broadly systematic way, and the actual physics pertinent to each is extracted with the suitable specific computational techniques appropriate for each. Wilson clarified which variables of a system are crucial and which are redundant.

Renormalization is distinct from regularization, another technique to control infinities by assuming the existence of new unknown physics at new scales.

Self-interactions in classical physics

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Figure 1. Renormalization in quantum electrodynamics: The simple electron/photon interaction that determines the electron's charge at one renormalization point is revealed to consist of more complicated interactions at another.

The problem of infinities first arose in the classical electrodynamics of point particles in the 19th and early 20th century.

The mass of a charged particle should include the mass–energy in its electrostatic field (electromagnetic mass). Assume that the particle is a charged spherical shell of radius $r e$ . The mass–energy in the field is

m_{\text{em}}=\int {\frac {1}{2}}E^{2}\,dV=\int _{r_{\text{e}}}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{2}}\left({\frac {q}{4\pi r^{2}}}\right)^{2}4\pi r^{2}\,dr={\frac {q^{2}}{8\pi r_{\text{e}}}},

which becomes infinite as $r e \to 0$ . This implies that the point particle would have infinite inertia and thus cannot be accelerated. Incidentally, the value of $r e$ that makes $m_{\text{em}}$ equal to the electron mass is called the classical electron radius, which (setting $q=e$ and restoring factors of $c$ and $\varepsilon _{0}$ ) turns out to be

r_{\text{e}}={\frac {e^{2}}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}m_{\text{e}}c^{2}}}=\alpha {\frac {\hbar }{m_{\text{e}}c}}\approx 2.8\times 10^{-15}~{\text{m}},

where $\alpha \approx 1/137$ is the fine-structure constant, and $\hbar /(m_{\text{e}}c)$ is the reduced Compton wavelength of the electron.

Renormalization: The total effective mass of a spherical charged particle includes the actual bare mass of the spherical shell (in addition to the mass mentioned above associated with its electric field). If the shell's bare mass is allowed to be negative, it might be possible to take a consistent point limit.^{[citation needed]} This was called renormalization, and Lorentz and Abraham attempted to develop a classical theory of the electron this way. This early work was the inspiration for later attempts at regularization and renormalization in quantum field theory.

(See also regularization (physics) for an alternative way to remove infinities from this classical problem, assuming new physics exists at small scales.)

When calculating the electromagnetic interactions of charged particles, it is tempting to ignore the back-reaction of a particle's own field on itself. (Analogous to the back-EMF of circuit analysis.) But this back-reaction is necessary to explain the friction on charged particles when they emit radiation. If the electron is assumed to be a point, the value of the back-reaction diverges, for the same reason that the mass diverges, because the field is inverse-square.

The Abraham–Lorentz theory had a noncausal "pre-acceleration". Sometimes an electron would start moving before the force is applied. This is a sign that the point limit is inconsistent.

The trouble was worse in classical field theory than in quantum field theory, because in quantum field theory a charged particle experiences Zitterbewegung due to interference with virtual particle–antiparticle pairs, thus effectively smearing out the charge over a region comparable to the Compton wavelength. In quantum electrodynamics at small coupling, the electromagnetic mass only diverges as the logarithm of the radius of the particle.

Thursday, February 6, 2025

மின்காந்தமே பிரபஞ்சத்தின் "அகர முதல"

LINK FOR THE WONDERFUL ELECTRO MAGNETISM

Where did the universe's magnetic fields come from?

The Hidden Story Behind Maxwell’s Equations

மின்காந்தமே பிரபஞ்சத்தின் "அகர முதல" ஆகும்.நான்கு அடிப்படை ஆற்றல்களில் முதலாவது அதன் புலம் அதாவது ஃ பீல்டு பற்றிய ஆராய்ச்சிக்குள் நுழைந்தது "மின்காந்தப்புலம்".அதை ஆய்ந்து கணித சூத்திரம் செய்தவர் "ஜேம்ஸ் மேக்ஸ்வெல் ".மிகவும் அறிவு நுட்பம் வாய்ந்த சூத்திரம் இது. இதை தெரிந்து கொண்டாலே போதும் மொத்த பிரபஞ்சத்தின்

உட்குறிப்பை நாம் அறியலாம்.

How the universe got its large magnetic fields has remained one of the stickiest outstanding problems in astrophysics. Now, researchers have proposed a novel solution: a giant "dust battery" operating when the first stars appeared.

Magnetic fields are everywhere in the universe. Of course, there's Earth's magnetic field, which deflects dangerous cosmic radiation, wiggles our compasses, and guides flocks of migrating birds. But other planets and stars have magnetic fields, too, and the magnetic fields of Jupiter and the sun are more powerful than Earth's.

Even the entire Milky Way galaxy has its own magnetic field. It's about a million times weaker than Earth's, but it stretches across tens of thousands of light-years, spanning the entire galaxy. Astronomers know of even larger magnetic fields, some of which fill entire galaxy clusters that can reach a few million light-years across.

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So where do these gigantic magnetic fields come from? Even though they are relatively weak, they are incredibly large. So whatever created them must have come from suitably energetic, large-scale sources. Over the decades, astronomers have proposed a number of mechanisms, most of which rely on a dynamo process that takes weak "seed" fields and amplifies them to their present-day values.

But that just pushes the goalpost back even further. Where do the weak seed fields come from in the first place?

In a paper submitted to The Astrophysical Journal in October, researchers proposed a novel solution. Their scenario starts in the cosmic dawn, when the universe was only a few hundred million years old and the first stars and galaxies were beginning to shine. After those first stars died, they left behind bits of heavier elements, which found each other in interstellar space to become the first grains of dust.

These dust grains were generally electrically charged through bombardment with radiation and friction with each other. When the second generation of stars lit up, their intense light shone through all the gas and dust surrounding them. If these stars were powerful enough, their radiation could literally push on the dust grains, causing them to move through the rest of the gas. These moving, electrically charged dust grains would create a weak-but-wide-scale electrical current, like a copper wire 1,000 light-years across.

Because the filtering of radiation through the interstellar gas wouldn't be perfectly uniform, the moving dust grains would tend to clump in some spots and disperse in others. This would create differences in the amount of electrical current from place to place, which, through the laws of electromagnetism, would naturally give rise to a magnetic field.

In the new study, the researchers found that this magnetic field would be incredibly weak — roughly a billionth the strength of Earth's magnetic field. But it would be large enough that other astrophysical processes, like mixing and dynamo amplification, could latch on to that seed field and generate the magnetic fields we see today.

This is only a hypothesis, however. The researchers concluded their work with a recipe to include this mechanism in simulations of the evolution of galaxies and their magnetic fields. That is a crucial step in comparing the full magnetic fields predicted by this theory with the ones we see in the actual universe. We can't rewind the clock to see what the universe's magnetic fields were like long ago, but we can use ideas like this to attempt to reconstruct the past.